The goal of this project is to study questions related to circle packing and circle patterns. Our first results are related to c-Polyhedra, which are certain circle patterns drawn on the surface of the 2-sphere. This purpose of this page is to give an overview of some of our interests and results and point to software, papers, and talks we have given where the reader can obtain more information on what we’re up to.

c-Polyhedra

Start with a triangulation  of a topological sphere. Label each edge of   with a positive real weight . Now, suppose for each vertex  of we draw a circle on the unit sphere such that for each edge of the inversive distance between and is . The resulting pattern of circles is the c-polyhedron . We say that  realizes .

One interesting question is on the uniqueness of c-polyhedra. If we fix  and the weight function , are all of the c-polyhedra realizing  equivalent up to Möbius transformations on the sphere? Somewhat surprisingly, this turns out to be false, even though similar uniqueness results are true if we switch our domain from the sphere to either the plane or hyperbolic space! Ma and Schlenker showed this originally using some sophisticated and beautiful geometric tools (Pogorolov maps and de Sitter space) [7]. They gave a construction for generating two different c-polyhedra with the same underlying weighted triangulation   that were not Möbius equivalent. Subsequently, we found many examples using only elementary spherical geometry. One such example is based on insights obtained from reading [7], which we call Ma-Schlenker octahedra. Figure 1 shows an example. The circles are drawn in blue and the triangulation is drawn in red. See the software section below for Mathematica notebooks we created to generate examples for [2].

Software

• Elliptical Ma-Schlenker c-Octahedra. This visualization is a companion to [2]. It allows for various Ma-Schlenker octahedra with elliptical flow to be generated and analyzed.
• Hyperbolic Ma-Schlenker c-Octahedra. Coming soon.
• Parabolic Ma-Schlenker c-Octahedra. Coming soon.

Papers

• [1] Seokpum Kim, Xiang Chen, Gregory Dreifus, John Lindahl, Inseung Kang, Andy Kim, Mohamed Selim, David Nuttal, Andrew Messing, Andrzej Nycz, Robert Minneci, John C. Bowers, Brittany Braswell, Ahmed Arabi Hassan, Byron Pipes, Vlastimil Kunc. An integrated design approach for infill patterning of fused deposition modeling and its application to an airfoil.Preprint. February, 2017.
• [2] J. C. Bowers and P. L. Bowers. Ma-Schlenker c-Octahedra in the 2-sphere. Preprint. June, 2016.

Talks

• [3] J. C. Bowers*, P. L. Bowers, and K. Pratt. Cauchy Rigidity of Convex c-Polyhedra.The 2017 Joint Mathematics Meeting. January, 2017. Atlanta, GA.
• [4] J. C. Bowers and P. L. Bowers*. The 3-dimensional incidence geometry of circle space with applications to the geometry of circle frameworks in the Riemann sphere. The 2017 Joint Mathematics Meeting. January, 2017. Atlanta, GA.
• [5] J. C. Bowers*, P. L. Bowers, and K. Pratt. Cauchy rigidity of convex  c-polyhedra. ICERM Workshop on Unusual Configuration Spaces. September, 2016. Providence, RI, USA. Video
• [6] J. C. Bowers* and P. L. Bowers. Non-globally rigid inversive distance circle packings. ICMS Workshop on Geometric Rigidity Theory and Applications. June, 2016. Edinburgh, UK. (slides)

Other references

• [7] J. Ma and J.-M. Schlenker. Non-rigidity of spherical inversive distance circle packings. Discrete & Computational Geometry, 47(3):610–617, Feb. 2012.

Colleagues and collaborators

• Philip L. Bowers (The Florida State University)
• Brittany Braswell (James Madison University)
• Xiang Chen (James Madison University)
• Gregory Dreifus (Oak Ridge National Labs)
• Kevin Pratt (University of Connecticut)
• Don Sheehy (University of Connecticut)
• Ken Stephenson (The University of Tennessee Knoxville)